Development and validation of the Brazilian Version of Lay Persons' Social Judgements about Cleft-lip Scale (B-LSojCleft-S)

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Version of Lay Person's Social Judgement about Cleft-lip Scale (B-LSojCleft-S). A standardized photograph of a 16-year-old girl was manipulated by using photo editing software, to simulate different cleft-lip situations. The cleft-free image was used as a control. The researchers structured an initial questionnaire that was evaluated by experts and a sample of the target population to evaluate the construct. After analysis by the researchers, a final version of the B-LSojCleft-S containing 14 items was generated. Each answer was awarded score from 1 to 3 points, yielding a total score of 14 to 42 points. Higher scores represented better social judgements. The B-LSojCleft-S was applied online to 103 test participants and 73 retest participants with an interval of 20 days between application. Aspects of acceptability, discriminant property, internal consistency, reliability and construct validity were evaluated. Construct validity was assessed using the Friedman test (p < 0.05). Reliability was determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70, and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha > 0.81. The B-LSojCleft-S showed high acceptability, strong discriminant property, excellent internal consistency and reliability, but had a floor and ceiling effect. The instrument reached valid and reliable scores and had acceptable psychometric properties to evaluate the social judgments of lay persons about different cleft lip situations in a Brazilian population.

Does the facial pattern give individuals a profile of a crime suspect? / O padrão facial confere aos indivíduos o perfil suspeito a cometer um crime?

To evaluate the influence of mesofacial, brachyfacial and dolichofacial facial patterns on giving an individual the profile of a crime suspect in the eyes of public security agents.This study had a cross-sectional design, conducted with public security agents of both sexes (n=100), where images of facial composites (police sketches) of individuals with different facial patterns (mesofacial, brachyfacial and dolichofacial) were used. With these images in hand, a questionnaire was created, divided into three parts: the first in which all the images were presented together, allowing comparison among them; the second, in which each image was evaluated separately followed by questions and the third that consisted on a visual analog scale that presented a bar with marks going from 0 to 100, where 0 represented the untrustworthy individual, 50 the individual who could be trusted, and 100 a very trustworthy individual. When all the data had been obtained statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square and Friedman tests. The level of significance adopted was 5% (α=0.05). The dolichofacial individual was associated with security agents as the most prone to commit crimes and became more insecure and distrustful when compared to the mesofacial and brachyfacial individuals (p <0.001). The dolichofacial profile had a negative influence on the judgment of security agents who attributed to it, a character suspected of a crime and a low level of trustworthiness

Avaliar a influência dos padrões faciais mesofacial, braquifacial e dolicofacial em conceder um perfil de suspeito a cometer crimes aos olhos dos agentes de segurança pública. Este estudo teve delineamento transversal, realizado com agentes de segurança pública de ambos os sexos (n = 100), onde imagens de retratos- falados de indivíduos com diferentes padrões faciais (mesofacial, braquifacial e dolicofacial) foram utilizadas. De posse dessas imagens, foi criado um questionário, dividido em três partes: a primeira em que todas as imagens foram apresentadas juntas, permitindo a comparação entre elas; a segunda, em que cada imagem foi avaliada separadamente seguida de perguntas e a terceira consistiu em uma escala analógica visual que apresentava uma barra com marcações de 0 a 100, onde 0 representava o indivíduo não confiável, 50 o indivíduo em quem se podia confiar, e 100 um indivíduo muito confiável. Após a obtenção dos dados, foram realizadas análises estatísticas utilizando os testes Qui-quadrado e Friedman. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (α = 0,05). O indivíduo dolicofacial foi associado pelos agentes de segurança como o mais propenso a cometer crimes e passou mais insegurança e desconfiança, quando comparado aos indivíduos mesofacial e braquifacial (p<0,001). O perfil dolicofacial influenciou negativamente no julgamento dos agentes de segurança que atribuíram-lhe caráter suspeito a cometer crimes e baixo grau de confiabilidade.